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Project fund growth with monthly contributions — after the expense ratio quietly eats into your return.
Net return = gross return − expense ratio. Then FV = PV·(1+i)^N + PMT·((1+i)^N − 1)/i with i = net/12 and N = years × 12.
They compound. A 1% ER on 30 years of $500/mo contributions can cost $100,000+ vs. a 0.03% index fund with the same gross return.
Broad-market index ETFs (VOO, VTI): 0.03–0.05%. Target-date funds: 0.10–0.75%. Actively managed: 0.75–1.25%. Anything above 1% is expensive.
No — the ER is management + admin fees. Turnover-related trading costs and bid-ask spreads are separate.
No — inside a 401(k)/IRA, growth is tax-deferred. In taxable accounts, factor in annual distributions.
End of month (ordinary annuity).
Results are estimates for educational purposes only and are not financial advice. Verify with a qualified professional before making decisions.
Last updated October 2026