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Time-value-of-money solver. Provide four of {PV, FV, PMT, N, I/Y} — solve for the fifth.
Uses the general TVM equation FV = PV·(1+i)^N + PMT·((1+i)^N−1)/i · due, where i = I/freq and due handles begin-of-period timing. Solves algebraically for FV/PV/PMT and numerically (bisection) for N and I/Y.
The five variables every financial calculator (HP-12C, TI BA II Plus, etc.) uses: PV, FV, PMT, N, and I/Y. Know any four, solve for the fifth.
Textbook convention treats outflows as negative and inflows as positive. This calc uses same-sign inputs for simplicity — interpret the direction based on your scenario.
Loan payoff (solve PMT), retirement savings target (solve N or PMT), rate implied by an investment (solve I/Y), etc.
Ordinary = payments at end of period (loans, most savings). Annuity due = payments at start (leases, annuities-in-advance).
If PV/FV/PMT signs are inconsistent (e.g. you can never reach the target), the solver may fail. Check your inputs are internally consistent.
Results are estimates for educational purposes only and are not financial advice. Verify with a qualified professional before making decisions.
Last updated October 2026