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Compute total return including dividends and capital gains, plus annualized and after-tax results.
Capital gain = shares × (sell − buy). Dividends = shares × dividend × years. Annualized = (end/start)^(1/years) − 1.
No — projections assume your inputs hold steady. Real markets fluctuate; treat results as planning estimates.
Diversified U.S. stock portfolios have averaged 7–10% before inflation over the long run.
Yes if you care about purchasing power. Use a real return = nominal return − inflation rate.
Inside tax-advantaged accounts (401k, IRA, HSA) growth is tax-deferred or tax-free. Taxable accounts pay annual tax on distributions and on gains when sold.
It smooths timing risk and is a behavioral win even if a lump-sum invested earlier has higher expected return.
Results are estimates for educational purposes only and are not financial advice. Verify with a qualified professional before making decisions.
Last updated October 2026